EU bureaucrats and member state government officials must pursue these various levels and types of democratic innovation simultaneously and work in tandem with each other. A European democratic reform agenda must be broad and multifaceted, with reforms not just at the EU level but at the national and subnational levels too. It is important for the EU institutions and member state governments to get reform right at this decisive juncture. A drawn out conversation about the wholesale reinvention of the EU could simply delay and divert attention from the need for concrete, targeted democratic reform. The two issues are related to each other but not the same thing. Debates about the future of Europe and the “push for European democracy” could become too entangled with each other. It is questionable whether a high-level conference on the future of Europe is really the most effective way to redress Europe’s democratic malaise. Raising citizens’ expectations only to dash them would leave trust and faith in democratic norms even lower than before. One of the worst things the EU’s new leaders could do would be to launch grandiloquent initiatives that fail to deliver meaningful and tangible change. EU and national authorities seem to recognize the importance of this endeavor, yet improving democracy often appears to be a more abstract and lower-priority goal than fixing the euro, agreeing on migrant quotas, or negotiating the budget. European leaders frequently commit to defending and deepening democracy, but they rarely follow through amid more urgent crises. 2 The new commission’s promise opens new opportunities for democratic innovation and experimentation. In response to this challenge, new European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has called for a “new push for European democracy.” She has suggested organizing a Conference on the Future of Europe in which European citizens will “play a leading and active part.” She has promised to formulate a new European Democracy Action Plan focused in particular on the digital sphere. In general, the demand for democratic participation is outstripping its supply at both the national and EU levels. There has been lively debate about how much European citizens are losing faith in core democratic values. Several EU governments have constricted civic liberties. In recent years some European states have suffered dramatic regression, while others have experienced more subtle forms of democratic erosion.
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